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100% file MacBinary II, Sun Feb 21 17:40:02 1993, modified Sun Feb 21 17:40:02 1993, creator Macintosh Edit, type ASCII, 12931 bytes "3a" , at 0x3303 349 bytes resource default (weak)
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|00001d70| 5b 20 40 6e 20 61 3a 74 | 27 5d 0d 20 0d 20 20 20 |[ @n a:t|']. .   |
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|00001fa0| 20 0d 20 20 20 20 4d 61 | 72 79 20 20 20 20 20 20 | .    Ma|ry      |
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|00001fe0| 20 20 20 6e 69 63 65 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |   nice |        |
|00001ff0| 20 64 65 61 73 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 5b 64 27 61 | deas   |    [d'a|
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|00002010| 20 22 67 6f 20 64 65 61 | 73 22 20 77 69 74 68 20 | "go dea|s" with |
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|00002050| 6c 73 6f 3a 20 20 66 72 | 6f 6d 20 4c 65 73 73 6f |lso:  fr|om Lesso|
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|00002070| 65 20 66 6f 6c 6c 6f 77 | 69 6e 67 20 6e 6f 75 6e |e follow|ing noun|
|00002080| 73 20 61 72 65 20 66 65 | 6d 69 6e 69 6e 65 3a 0d |s are fe|minine:.|
|00002090| 20 0d 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 77 6f 6d | .      |     wom|
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|000020b0| 66 29 20 20 20 61 6e 20 | 62 68 65 61 6e 20 20 20 |f)   an |bhean   |
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|000020d0| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 6c | 65 6d 6f 6e 20 20 20 20 |       l|emon    |
|000020e0| 6c 69 6f 6d 97 69 64 20 | 28 66 29 20 20 20 61 6e |liom.id |(f)   an|
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|00002100| 20 20 20 20 6c 65 74 74 | 65 72 20 20 20 6c 69 74 |    lett|er   lit|
|00002110| 69 72 20 20 20 20 28 66 | 29 20 20 20 61 6e 20 6c |ir    (f|)   an l|
|00002120| 69 74 69 72 0d 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |itir.   |        |
|00002130| 6e 69 67 68 74 20 20 20 | 20 6f 69 63 68 65 20 20 |night   | oiche  |
|00002140| 20 20 28 66 29 20 20 20 | 61 6e 20 6f 69 63 68 65 |  (f)   |an oiche|
|00002150| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 5b | 20 40 6e 20 69 3a 28 68 |       [| @n i:(h|
|00002160| 29 40 5d 0d 20 0d 20 20 | 20 20 41 6c 6c 20 74 68 |)@]. .  |  All th|
|00002170| 65 20 6f 74 68 65 72 20 | 6e 6f 75 6e 73 20 69 6e |e other |nouns in|
|00002180| 20 4c 65 73 73 6f 6e 73 | 20 23 31 20 61 6e 64 20 | Lessons| #1 and |
|00002190| 23 32 20 61 72 65 20 6d | 61 73 63 75 6c 69 6e 65 |#2 are m|asculine|
|000021a0| 2e 0d 20 0d 20 0d 2e 2e | 2e 2e 2e 2e 2e 2e 2e 2e |.. . ...|........|
|000021b0| 2e 2e 2e 2e 2e 2e 2e 2e | 2e 2e 2e 2e 2e 2e 2e 2e |........|........|
|000021c0| 2e 2e 2e 2e 2e 2e 2e 2e | 2e 2e 2e 2e 2e 2e 2e 2e |........|........|
|000021d0| 2e 2e 2e 2e 2e 2e 2e 2e | 2e 2e 2e 2e 2e 2e 2e 2e |........|........|
|000021e0| 2e 2e 2e 2e 2e 2e 2e 2e | 0d 20 0d 49 49 49 2e 20 |........|. .III. |
|000021f0| 20 45 58 45 52 43 49 53 | 45 53 0d 20 0d 20 20 31 | EXERCIS|ES. .  1|
|00002200| 2e 20 54 68 65 20 63 6c | 6f 74 68 20 69 73 20 73 |. The cl|oth is s|
|00002210| 74 72 6f 6e 67 2e 0d 20 | 20 32 2e 20 54 68 65 20 |trong.. | 2. The |
|00002220| 66 6c 6f 6f 72 20 69 73 | 20 68 61 72 64 2e 0d 20 |floor is| hard.. |
|00002230| 20 33 2e 20 54 68 65 20 | 6c 61 6d 62 20 69 73 20 | 3. The |lamb is |
|00002240| 77 65 61 6b 2e 0d 20 20 | 34 2e 20 4d 61 72 79 20 |weak..  |4. Mary |
|00002250| 69 73 20 63 61 72 65 66 | 75 6c 2e 0d 20 20 35 2e |is caref|ul..  5.|
|00002260| 20 54 68 65 20 70 6c 61 | 63 65 20 69 73 20 65 6d | The pla|ce is em|
|00002270| 70 74 79 2e 0d 20 20 36 | 2e 20 54 68 65 20 77 6f |pty..  6|. The wo|
|00002280| 6f 6c 20 69 73 20 72 65 | 64 2e 0d 20 20 37 2e 20 |ol is re|d..  7. |
|00002290| 54 68 65 20 77 6f 6d 61 | 6e 20 69 73 20 79 6f 75 |The woma|n is you|
|000022a0| 6e 67 2e 0d 20 20 38 2e | 20 54 68 65 20 66 61 72 |ng..  8.| The far|
|000022b0| 6d 20 69 73 20 63 68 65 | 61 70 2e 0d 20 20 39 2e |m is che|ap..  9.|
|000022c0| 20 54 68 65 20 28 67 72 | 61 73 73 79 29 20 66 69 | The (gr|assy) fi|
|000022d0| 65 6c 64 20 69 73 20 67 | 72 65 65 6e 2e 0d 20 31 |eld is g|reen.. 1|
|000022e0| 30 2e 20 54 68 65 20 6c | 65 74 74 65 72 20 69 73 |0. The l|etter is|
|000022f0| 20 73 68 6f 72 74 2e 0d | 20 31 31 2e 20 54 68 65 | short..| 11. The|
|00002300| 20 62 75 74 74 65 72 20 | 69 73 20 73 6f 66 74 2e | butter |is soft.|
|00002310| 0d 20 31 32 2e 20 54 68 | 65 20 63 68 6f 63 6f 6c |. 12. Th|e chocol|
|00002320| 61 74 65 20 69 73 20 73 | 77 65 65 74 2e 0d 20 31 |ate is s|weet.. 1|
|00002330| 33 2e 20 54 68 65 20 6d | 61 6e 20 69 73 20 64 65 |3. The m|an is de|
|00002340| 61 64 2e 0d 20 31 34 2e | 20 54 68 65 20 67 72 61 |ad.. 14.| The gra|
|00002350| 73 73 20 69 73 20 74 61 | 6c 6c 2e 0d 20 31 35 2e |ss is ta|ll.. 15.|
|00002360| 20 53 69 6c 6b 20 69 73 | 20 73 6d 6f 6f 74 68 2e | Silk is| smooth.|
|00002370| 0d 20 31 36 2e 20 57 6f | 6f 6c 20 69 73 20 72 6f |. 16. Wo|ol is ro|
|00002380| 75 67 68 2e 0d 20 31 37 | 2e 20 54 68 65 20 71 75 |ugh.. 17|. The qu|
|00002390| 65 73 74 69 6f 6e 20 69 | 73 20 64 69 66 66 69 63 |estion i|s diffic|
|000023a0| 75 6c 74 0d 20 31 38 2e | 20 54 68 65 20 61 70 70 |ult. 18.| The app|
|000023b0| 6c 65 20 69 73 20 72 69 | 70 65 2e 0d 20 31 39 2e |le is ri|pe.. 19.|
|000023c0| 20 54 68 65 20 77 69 6e | 64 6f 77 20 69 73 20 64 | The win|dow is d|
|000023d0| 69 72 74 79 2e 0d 20 32 | 30 2e 20 54 68 65 20 62 |irty.. 2|0. The b|
|000023e0| 72 65 61 64 20 69 73 20 | 66 72 65 73 68 2e 0d 20 |read is |fresh.. |
|000023f0| 32 31 2e 20 54 68 65 20 | 74 61 62 6c 65 20 69 73 |21. The |table is|
|00002400| 20 77 65 74 2e 0d 20 32 | 32 2e 20 54 68 65 20 63 | wet.. 2|2. The c|
|00002410| 61 74 20 69 73 20 66 61 | 74 2e 0d 20 32 33 2e 20 |at is fa|t.. 23. |
|00002420| 46 69 73 68 20 69 73 20 | 6e 69 63 65 2e 0d 20 32 |Fish is |nice.. 2|
|00002430| 34 2e 20 54 68 65 20 73 | 74 72 65 61 6d 20 69 73 |4. The s|tream is|
|00002440| 20 6e 61 72 72 6f 77 2e | 0d 20 32 35 2e 20 54 68 | narrow.|. 25. Th|
|00002450| 65 20 6e 69 67 68 74 20 | 69 73 20 64 61 72 6b 2e |e night |is dark.|
|00002460| 0d 20 0d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |. .-----|--------|
|00002470| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00002480| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00002490| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|000024a0| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 0d 20 |--------|------. |
|000024b0| 0d 43 2e 20 20 4c 45 4e | 49 54 49 4f 4e 0d 20 0d |.C.  LEN|ITION. .|
|000024c0| 31 2e 20 20 49 6e 74 72 | 6f 64 75 63 74 69 6f 6e |1.  Intr|oduction|
|000024d0| 0d 20 0d 20 20 20 20 43 | 61 6c 6c 65 64 20 20 73 |. .    C|alled  s|
|000024e0| 8e 69 6d 68 69 9c 20 20 | 69 6e 20 49 72 69 73 68 |.imhi.  |in Irish|
|000024f0| 2c 20 74 68 69 73 20 70 | 61 74 74 65 72 6e 20 6f |, this p|attern o|
|00002500| 66 20 73 6f 75 6e 64 20 | 63 68 61 6e 67 65 73 20 |f sound |changes |
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|00002520| 69 6f 6e 22 20 69 6e 20 | 45 6e 67 6c 69 73 68 2e |ion" in |English.|
|00002530| 20 20 46 6f 72 20 6d 61 | 6e 79 20 79 65 61 72 73 |  For ma|ny years|
|00002540| 20 74 65 61 63 68 65 72 | 73 20 6f 66 20 49 72 69 | teacher|s of Iri|
|00002550| 73 68 20 68 61 76 65 20 | 63 61 6c 6c 65 64 0d 69 |sh have |called.i|
|00002560| 74 20 22 61 73 70 69 72 | 61 74 69 6f 6e 22 20 28 |t "aspir|ation" (|
|00002570| 62 65 63 61 75 73 65 20 | 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 22 |because |of the "|
|00002580| 68 22 20 75 73 65 64 20 | 69 6e 20 73 70 65 6c 6c |h" used |in spell|
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|000025a0| 65 72 6d 20 69 73 0d 66 | 61 6c 6c 69 6e 67 20 69 |erm is.f|alling i|
|000025b0| 6e 74 6f 20 64 69 73 66 | 61 76 6f 72 2e 20 20 4c |nto disf|avor.  L|
|000025c0| 65 6e 69 74 69 6f 6e 20 | 69 73 20 74 68 65 20 74 |enition |is the t|
|000025d0| 65 72 6d 20 77 65 20 77 | 69 6c 6c 20 62 65 20 75 |erm we w|ill be u|
|000025e0| 73 69 6e 67 20 69 6e 20 | 74 68 69 73 0d 73 65 72 |sing in |this.ser|
|000025f0| 69 65 73 20 6f 66 20 6c | 65 73 73 6f 6e 73 2e 20 |ies of l|essons. |
|00002600| 28 49 66 20 49 20 73 6c | 69 70 20 75 70 20 61 6e |(If I sl|ip up an|
|00002610| 64 20 66 6f 72 67 65 74 | 2c 20 70 6c 65 61 73 65 |d forget|, please|
|00002620| 20 72 65 6d 69 6e 64 20 | 6d 65 21 29 0d 20 0d 20 | remind |me!). . |
|00002630| 20 20 20 4a 69 6d 20 63 | 6f 6e 74 72 69 62 75 74 |   Jim c|ontribut|
|00002640| 65 64 20 74 68 69 73 20 | 6c 69 6e 67 75 69 73 74 |ed this |linguist|
|00002650| 27 73 20 64 65 66 69 6e | 69 74 69 6f 6e 20 6f 66 |'s defin|ition of|
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|00002680| 61 74 69 6f 6e 3a 20 22 | 4c 65 6e 69 74 69 6f 6e |ation: "|Lenition|
|00002690| 20 72 65 66 65 72 73 20 | 74 6f 20 70 72 6f 63 65 | refers |to proce|
|000026a0| 73 73 65 73 20 6f 66 20 | 77 65 61 6b 65 6e 69 6e |sses of |weakenin|
|000026b0| 67 2c 20 77 68 65 72 65 | 20 73 74 6f 70 73 0d 62 |g, where| stops.b|
|000026c0| 65 63 6f 6d 65 20 66 72 | 69 63 61 74 69 76 65 73 |ecome fr|icatives|
|000026d0| 2c 20 6c 6f 6e 67 20 73 | 65 67 6d 65 6e 74 73 20 |, long s|egments |
|000026e0| 73 68 6f 72 74 65 6e 2c | 20 66 72 69 63 61 74 69 |shorten,| fricati|
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|00002710| 6d 65 6e 74 73 20 64 65 | 6c 65 74 65 22 2e 20 20 |ments de|lete".  |
|00002720| 49 66 20 79 6f 75 20 6b | 6e 6f 77 20 73 6f 6d 65 |If you k|now some|
|00002730| 20 6c 69 6e 67 75 69 73 | 74 69 63 73 2c 20 74 68 | linguis|tics, th|
|00002740| 69 73 20 6d 61 79 20 68 | 65 6c 70 20 79 6f 75 0d |is may h|elp you.|
|00002750| 74 6f 20 6c 65 61 72 6e | 20 74 68 65 20 70 61 74 |to learn| the pat|
|00002760| 74 65 72 6e 2e 0d 20 0d | 20 20 20 20 4f 6e 65 20 |tern.. .|    One |
|00002770| 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 6d | 6f 73 74 20 6e 6f 74 61 |of the m|ost nota|
|00002780| 62 6c 65 20 66 65 61 74 | 75 72 65 73 20 6f 66 20 |ble feat|ures of |
|00002790| 74 68 65 20 43 65 6c 74 | 69 63 20 6c 61 6e 67 75 |the Celt|ic langu|
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|00002800| 6d 65 61 6e 69 6e 67 2e | 20 54 68 65 72 65 20 61 |meaning.| There a|
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|00002820| 6f 66 20 6d 75 74 61 74 | 69 6f 6e 20 69 6e 20 49 |of mutat|ion in I|
|00002830| 72 69 73 68 3a 20 6c 65 | 6e 69 74 69 6f 6e 0d 61 |rish: le|nition.a|
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|00002850| 69 70 73 69 73 20 77 69 | 6c 6c 20 62 65 20 69 6e |ipsis wi|ll be in|
|00002860| 74 72 6f 64 75 63 65 64 | 20 69 6e 20 4c 65 73 73 |troduced| in Less|
|00002870| 6f 6e 20 23 36 2e 0d 20 | 0d 20 0d 32 2e 20 50 72 |on #6.. |. .2. Pr|
|00002880| 6f 6e 75 6e 63 69 61 74 | 69 6f 6e 20 63 68 61 6e |onunciat|ion chan|
|00002890| 67 65 73 20 63 61 75 73 | 65 64 20 62 79 20 6c 65 |ges caus|ed by le|
|000028a0| 6e 69 74 69 6f 6e 0d 20 | 0d 20 0d 20 20 61 29 20 |nition. |. .  a) |
|000028b0| 4e 69 6e 65 20 6c 65 74 | 74 65 72 73 20 63 61 6e |Nine let|ters can|
|000028c0| 20 62 65 20 6c 65 6e 69 | 74 65 64 3a 20 20 70 2c | be leni|ted:  p,|
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+--------+-------------------------+-------------------------+--------+--------+